Alexander Stromberger-Wissiak
Uploaded on May 10, 2011
with Sea Explorers by Stromi
www.pamedo.at using a Canon 550D Rebel T2i in an Aquatica Housing with
2x Sea&Sea YS-110a. We have been diving in Moalboal, Dauin, Cabilao
and Malapascoa.
i/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/; FI-lə-peenz; Filipino: Pilipínas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Repúblika ng Pilipinás), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean.To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia.
It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the world's megadiverse countries.
Covering almost three hundred thousand square kilometres (over 115,000 sq mi) makes it the 73rd largest independent nation[11] and an archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With a population of more than 92 million[6] people, the Philippines is the seventh most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world.
An additional 12 million Filipinos live overseas.[12] Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies.
Thus, establishing various polities either ruled by Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. Trade and subsequent Chinese settlement also introduced Chinese cultural elements which remain to this day.
The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 marked the beginning of an era of Spanish interest and eventual colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain.
The Spanish Empire began to settle with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from New Spain (present day-Mexico) in 1565 who established the first Spanish settlement in the archipelago, which remained a Spanish colony for more than 300 years. During this time, Manila became the Asian hub of the Manila–Acapulco galleon fleet.
As the 19th century gave way to the 20th, there followed in quick succession the Philippine Revolution, which spawned the short-lived First Philippine Republic; the Spanish–American War; and the Philippine–American War.
In the aftermath, the United States emerged as the dominant power; aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands.
After World War II,[13] the Treaty of Manila established the Philippine Republic as an independent nation.[14] Since then, the Philippines has had an often tumultuous experience with democracy, with popular "people power" movements overthrowing a dictatorship in one instance but also underlining the institutional weaknesses of its constitutional republic in others.
| Republic of the Philippines
Repúblika ng Pilipínas
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: "Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa"[1] "For God, People, Nature, and Country" |
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| Anthem: Lupang Hinirang Chosen Land  |
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 |
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| Capital | Manila[2] 14°35′N 121°0′E |
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| Largest city | Quezon City | |||||
| Official languages |
|
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| Recognized regional languages | ||||||
| Optional languages |
|
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| Demonym | Filipino | |||||
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Benigno Aquino III | ||||
| - | Vice President | Jejomar Binay | ||||
| - | Senate President | Juan Ponce Enrile | ||||
| - | House Speaker | Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | Maria Lourdes Sereno | ||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| Independence from Spainb and the United States | ||||||
| - | Established | April 27, 1565 | ||||
| - | Declared | June 12, 1898 | ||||
| - | Self-government | March 24, 1934 | ||||
| - | Recognized | July 4, 1946 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | February 2, 1987 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Land | 300,000 km2[4] (73rd) 115,831 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 0.61[5] (inland waters) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2010 census | 92,337,852[6] | ||||
| - | Density | 308.0/km2 (43rd) 797.2/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2012 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $424.355 billion[7] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $4,429[7] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2012 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $250.436 billion[7] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $2,614[7] | ||||
| Gini (2006) | 45.8[5] medium · 44th |
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| HDI (2011) |  0.644[8]medium · 112th |
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| Currency | Peso (Filipino: piso) (₱) (PHP) |
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| Time zone | PST (UTC+8) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+8) | ||||
| Drives on the | right[9] | |||||
| Calling code | +63 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | PH | |||||
| Internet TLD | .ph | |||||
| a. | ^a The 1987 Philippine constitution specifies, "Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis."[10] | |||||
| b. | ^b Philippine revolutionaries declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, but the Spanish claim of sovereignty was passed from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. This led to the Philippine–American War. | |||||
Etymology
Main article: Name of the Philippines
The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of the country's history. During the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the period of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War until the Commonwealth period, American colonial authorities referred to the country as the Philippine Islands, a translation of the Spanish name.
During the American period, the name Philippines began to appear and it has since become the country's common name.[20] Since independence, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines.
Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of the Philippines
The Philippines is divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. As of March 2010, these were divided into 17 regions, 80 provinces, 138 cities, 1,496 municipalities, and 42,025 barangays.[79]
In addition, Section 2 of Republic Act No. 5446 asserts that the
definition of the territorial sea around the Philippine archipelago does
not affect the claim over Sabah.[80]
A clickable map of the Philippines exhibiting its 17 regions and 80 provinces.
| Region | Designation | Regional center |
|---|---|---|
| Ilocos Region | Region I | San Fernando, La Union |
| Cagayan Valley | Region II | Tuguegarao, Cagayan |
| Central Luzon | Region III | San Fernando, Pampanga |
| CALABARZON | Region IV-A | Calamba, Laguna |
| MIMAROPA | Region IV-B | Calapan, Oriental Mindoro |
| Bicol Region | Region V | Legazpi, Albay |
| Western Visayas | Region VI | Iloilo City |
| Central Visayas | Region VII | Cebu City |
| Eastern Visayas | Region VIII | Tacloban |
| Zamboanga Peninsula | Region IX | Pagadian[81][82] |
| Northern Mindanao | Region X | Cagayan de Oro |
| Davao Region | Region XI | Davao City |
| SOCCSKSARGEN | Region XII | Koronadal, South Cotabato |
| Caraga | Region XIII | Butuan |
| Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao | ARMM | Cotabato City |
| Cordillera Administrative Region | CAR | Baguio |
| National Capital Region | NCR | Manila |
Source: Wikipedia
Much too much information on this topic for this Blog post Check It Out at Wikipedia.org
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