She was the subject of the Natural World documentary Andrea: Queen of Mantas.[2]
She completed her PhD on Manta rays in 2008 and now works at the Manta Ray & Whale Shark Research Center at Tofo Beach, Mozambique, where she also lives.[3]
Somebody Come and Play in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an Earn While You Learn to Do "The Thing" with us all here at Traffic Authority.
Joe from Scotland, Han and Gerrard from Holland, Stevie and Patrick from
Belgium, along with Steffen Seikat (Germany) from Scubadreamer, Sharm El
Sheikh.
We are diving the SS Thistlegorm, Red Sea - Egypt.
Totally awesome dive!
The SS Thistlegorm was a British armed Merchant Navy ship built in 1940 by Joseph Thompson & Son in Sunderland, England.
She was sunk on 6 October 1941 near Ras Muhammad in the Red Sea and is now a well known diving site.
The SS Thistlegorm was a British armed Merchant Navy ship built in 1940 by Joseph Thompson & Son in Sunderland, England.
She was sunk on 6 October 1941 near Ras Muhammad in the Red Sea and is now a well known diving site.
Aft view of the Walkway leading to the bridge of the Thistlegorm
The vessel was privately owned but had been partly financed by the
British government and was classified as an armed freighter.
She was
armed with a 4.7-inch (120 mm) anti-aircraft gun
and a heavy-calibre machine gun attached after construction to the
stern of the ship.
She was one of a number of "Thistle" ships owned and
operated by the Albyn Line, which was founded in 1901, based in
Sunderland, and had four vessels at the outbreak of World War II.[1]
The vessel carried out three successful voyages after her launch.
The
first was to the US to collect steel rails and aircraft parts, the
second to Argentina for grain, and the third to the West Indies for rum.
Prior to her fourth and final voyage, she had undergone repairs in
Glasgow.[2]
Last voyage
Diving the Thistlegorm
Anti-aircraft gun on the stern of the Thistlegorm
Trucks, part of the cargo of the Thistlegorm
She set sail on her fourth and final voyage from Glasgow on 2 June 1941, destined for Alexandria, Egypt.
These steam locomotives and their associated coal and water tenders
were carried as deck cargo and were for the Egyptian Railways.
The rest
of the cargo was for the Allied forces in Egypt. At the time the Thistlegorm sailed from Glasgow in June, this was the Western Desert Force, which in September 1941 became part of the newly formed Eighth Army.
The crew of the ship, under Captain William Ellis, were supplemented by
nine naval personnel to man the machine gun and the anti-aircraft gun.
Due to German and Italian naval and air force activity in the Mediterranean, the Thistlegorm sailed as part of a convoy via Cape Town,
South Africa, where she re-fuelled, before heading north up the East
coast of Africa and into the Red Sea.
On leaving Cape Town, the light
cruiser HMS Carlisle joined the convoy.
Due to a collision in the Suez Canal, the convoy could not transit through the canal to reach the port of Alexandria and instead moored at Safe Anchorage F,[5] in September 1941 where she remained at anchor until her sinking on 6 October 1941.
HMS Carlisle moored in the same anchorage.
There was a large build-up of Allied troops in Egypt during September 1941 and German intelligence (Abwehr) suspected that there was a troop carrier in the area bringing in additional troops.[5]
This
search failed but one of the bombers discovered the vessels moored in
Safe Anchorage F.
Targeting the largest ship, they dropped two bombs on
the Thistlegorm, both of which struck hold 4 near the stern of the ship at 0130 on 6 October.[5]
The bomb and the explosion of some of the ammunition stored in hold 4 led to the sinking of the Thistlegorm with the loss of four sailors and five members of the Royal Navy gun crew.
The survivors were picked up by HMS Carlisle.
Captain Ellis was awarded the OBE for his actions following the explosion and a crewman, Angus McLeay, was awarded the George Medal and the Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea
for saving another crew member.
Most of the cargo remained within the
ship, the major exception being the steam locomotives from the deck
cargo which were blown off to either side of the wreck.[4]
Discovery by Cousteau
In the early fifties, Jacques-Yves Cousteau
discovered her by using information from local fishermen.
He raised
several items from the wreck, including a motorcycle, the captain’s
safe, and the ship’s bell.
The February 1956 edition of National Geographic clearly shows the ship’s bell in place and Cousteau's divers in the ship’s Lantern Room.
Cousteau documented diving on the wreck in part of his book The Living Sea.
Rediscovery and recreational dive site
A view of the winch sitting on the deck
Following Cousteau’s visit, the site was forgotten about except by local fishermen. In the early 1990s, Sharm el-Sheikh began to develop as a diving resort.
Recreational diving on the Thistlegorm restarted following the visit of the dive boat Poolster,[7] using information from another Israeli fishing boat captain.
The massive explosion that sank her had blown much of her midshipssuperstructure
away and makes the wreck very accessible to divers.
The depth of around
30 m (100 feet) at its deepest is ideal for diving without the need for
specialist equipment and training.
The wreck attracts many divers for the amount of the cargo that can
be seen and explored.
Boots and motorcycles are visible in Hold No. 1.
Trucks, motorcycles, Wellington boots, rifles, Westland Lysander wings,[8] about twenty Bristol Mercuryradial engine exhaust rings and a handful of cylinders[9] and Bristol Blenheim bomber tailplanes[10] are visible in Hold No. 2. Universal Carrier armoured vehicles, RAF trolley accumulators,[11] and two Pundit Lights[12]
can also be found.
Off to the port side of the wreck level with the
blast area can be found one of the steam locomotives which had been
stored as deck cargo and the other locomotive is off the starboard side
level with Hold No. 2.[4]
The wreck is rapidly disintegrating due to natural rusting.
The dive boats that rely on the wreck for their livelihood are also
tearing the wreck apart by mooring the boats to weak parts of the wreck,
leading to parts of the wreck collapsing.
For this reason, in December
2007 the Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association
(HEPCA) a non-governmental organisation installed 32 permanent mooring buoys and drilled holes in the wreck to allow trapped air to escape.[13]
During this work, the vessel was closed off to recreational diving.
However, as of 2009, none of these moorings remain as the blocks
themselves were too light (resulting in ships dragging them), and the
lines connecting the moorings to the wreck were too long (meaning with
the strong currents in the area, people would find it impossible to
transfer from the mooring to the actual wreck).
As a result, all boats
now moor off directly to the wreck again.
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